An example of where the Bill might be relevant is the case of a drug licenced for a specific cancer with a particular biological signature. There may be another, rare cancer with the same biological signature on which the drug might be effective. But without a full trial, costing millions and taking years, the drug will never be licensed for this secondary use.

In this case, the Bill would cover the doctor who wished to try the drug in conjunction with the less common cancer.

Some childhood cancers offer examples of where the Bill might be of use. Trials for treatments for adults are fairly common. But fewer trials happen for young people and children and therefore fewer drugs are licensed for use on children.